Government or official record
Great Lakes White Hurricane, November 1913
National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac
Where this source supports the record
Each entry separates the article’s editorial relevance note from its exact, section-level claims. A bibliography link without a direct claim is labeled plainly.
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Natural disasters · 7–12 November 1913Open article references →
The Great Lakes Storm of 1913
Lake Huron shipwreck field and wider Great Lakes storm area · United States
Why editors use it hereDetailed meteorological reconstruction, vessel losses, weather observations, and chronology.
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Quick read
From 7 to 12 November 1913, converging weather systems produced hurricane-force winds, steep waves, snow, and whiteout conditions across the Great Lakes.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Trigger and conditions
A cold northern system crossed the lakes as a separate low moved northward, then the systems combined and deepened.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Uncertainty
Published death totals range, commonly from about 235 to more than 250, because crew lists and attribution differ.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Why it matters
The event demonstrates compound risk: dangerous meteorology became catastrophic through changing wind, limited observations, commercial schedules, communication delay, and vessel vulnerabilities.
Reviewed 26 July 2026
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Quick read