Government or official record
Remembering the November 1913 White Hurricane
National Weather Service
Where this source supports the record
Each entry separates the article’s editorial relevance note from its exact, section-level claims. A bibliography link without a direct claim is labeled plainly.
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Natural disasters · 7–12 November 1913Open article references →
The Great Lakes Storm of 1913
Lake Huron shipwreck field and wider Great Lakes storm area · United States
Why editors use it hereCentennial overview of the storm's regional reach and enduring maritime influence.
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Quick read
From 7 to 12 November 1913, converging weather systems produced hurricane-force winds, steep waves, snow, and whiteout conditions across the Great Lakes.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Trigger and conditions
A cold northern system crossed the lakes as a separate low moved northward, then the systems combined and deepened.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Uncertainty
Published death totals range, commonly from about 235 to more than 250, because crew lists and attribution differ.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Why it matters
The event demonstrates compound risk: dangerous meteorology became catastrophic through changing wind, limited observations, commercial schedules, communication delay, and vessel vulnerabilities.
Reviewed 26 July 2026
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Quick read