Academic research
The 1986 and 2001 People Power Revolutions
Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Where this source supports the record
Each entry separates the article’s editorial relevance note from its exact, section-level claims. A bibliography link without a direct claim is labeled plainly.
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Social movements · 22-25 February 1986Open article references →
People Power Revolution
EDSA People Power memorial and Camp Aguinaldo corridor · Philippines
Why editors use it herePhilippine research paper on nonviolent mobilization, participants, organization, and how people understood their involvement.
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Quick read
From 22 to 25 February 1986, large civilian crowds occupied Epifanio de los Santos Avenue after senior defense and military figures withdrew support from President Ferdinand Marcos.
Reviewed 5 August 2026 -
Trigger and conditions
A planned military move against Marcos was exposed, prompting Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and General Fidel Ramos to announce on 22 February that they no longer supported him.
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Uncertainty
Crowd estimates vary by location, time, and political source.
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Why it matters
People Power shows how civilian mass participation, independent information, institutional defection, and restraint by armed units can end an authoritarian presidency without a conventional battle.
Reviewed 5 August 2026
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Quick read