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Pinatubo

Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program

Where this source supports the record

Each entry separates the article’s editorial relevance note from its exact, section-level claims. A bibliography link without a direct claim is labeled plainly.

  1. Natural disasters · 2 April-15 June 1991

    Mount Pinatubo Eruption

    Mount Pinatubo caldera · Philippines

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    Why editors use it here

    Research catalog documenting the volcano, 1991 chronology, caldera, hazards, and monitoring record.

    1. Quick read

      After weeks of escalating unrest, Mount Pinatubo produced its climactic eruption on 15 June 1991.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    2. Trigger and conditions

      Steam explosions on 2 April opened new vents, and rising magma drove thousands of earthquakes during April, May, and early June.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    3. Uncertainty

      Fatality totals vary with the treatment of later lahar deaths, disease, and indirect effects.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    4. Why it matters

      Pinatubo connects local warning decisions to planetary effects.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026