Academic research
The Archaeology of the Colorado Coalfield War
University of Denver
Where this source supports the record
Each entry separates the article’s editorial relevance note from its exact, section-level claims. A bibliography link without a direct claim is labeled plainly.
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Social movements · 20 April 1914Open article references →
The Ludlow Massacre
Ludlow Tent Colony National Historic Landmark · United States
Why editors use it hereArchaeological research on camp life, ethnicity, material remains, violence, and commemoration.
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Quick read
On 20 April 1914, gunfire erupted between Colorado National Guard forces, mine guards, and striking coal miners at the Ludlow tent colony.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Trigger and conditions
On Orthodox Easter Monday, officers demanded a man they claimed was being held in the colony.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Uncertainty
Death totals vary from about nineteen to twenty-five depending on whether earlier or later strike deaths are included.
Reviewed 26 July 2026 -
Why it matters
Ludlow exposes the blurred boundary between corporate force and public authority in a company-dominated region.
Reviewed 26 July 2026
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Quick read