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Academic research
Structural Engineering Reconnaissance of the August 17, 1999 Earthquake: Kocaeli (İzmit), Turkey
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center
Where this source supports the record
Each entry separates the article’s editorial relevance note from its exact, section-level claims. A bibliography link without a direct claim is labeled plainly.
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Open article references → Why editors use it hereEngineering reconnaissance covering casualties, buildings, bridges, industrial facilities, lifelines, and construction practice.
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Quick read
At 3:02 a.m.
Reviewed 5 August 2026 -
Trigger and conditions
The earthquake began beneath the İzmit Bay area and ruptured multiple fault segments for more than one hundred kilometers.
Reviewed 5 August 2026 -
Uncertainty
Published magnitudes commonly range from 7.4 to 7.6 because agencies used different scales and analyses.
Reviewed 5 August 2026 -
Why it matters
İzmit shows that earthquake loss is produced by both geology and accumulated decisions about land, design, inspection, maintenance, and emergency capacity.
Reviewed 5 August 2026
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Quick read