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The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake

U.S. Geological Survey

Where this source supports the record

Each entry separates the article’s editorial relevance note from its exact, section-level claims. A bibliography link without a direct claim is labeled plainly.

  1. Natural disasters · 17 August 1999

    İzmit Earthquake

    Gölcük and İzmit Bay rupture area · Türkiye

    Open article references →
    Why editors use it here

    Field mapping of fault segments, surface displacement, location, and the physical extent of the rupture.

    1. Quick read

      At 3:02 a.m.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    2. Trigger and conditions

      The earthquake began beneath the İzmit Bay area and ruptured multiple fault segments for more than one hundred kilometers.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    3. Uncertainty

      Published magnitudes commonly range from 7.4 to 7.6 because agencies used different scales and analyses.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    4. Why it matters

      İzmit shows that earthquake loss is produced by both geology and accumulated decisions about land, design, inspection, maintenance, and emergency capacity.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026