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Government or official record

Turkey: Marmara Earthquake Assessment

World Bank

Where this source supports the record

Each entry separates the article’s editorial relevance note from its exact, section-level claims. A bibliography link without a direct claim is labeled plainly.

  1. Natural disasters · 17 August 1999

    İzmit Earthquake

    Gölcük and İzmit Bay rupture area · Türkiye

    Open article references →
    Why editors use it here

    Contemporary assessment of physical damage, housing, economic disruption, public finance, and reconstruction priorities.

    1. Quick read

      At 3:02 a.m.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    2. Trigger and conditions

      The earthquake began beneath the İzmit Bay area and ruptured multiple fault segments for more than one hundred kilometers.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    3. Uncertainty

      Published magnitudes commonly range from 7.4 to 7.6 because agencies used different scales and analyses.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026
    4. Why it matters

      İzmit shows that earthquake loss is produced by both geology and accumulated decisions about land, design, inspection, maintenance, and emergency capacity.

      Reviewed 5 August 2026